Association of eGFR slope with the baseline risk factors
| Unadjusted difference (95% CI) | Adjusted* difference (95% CI) | Adjusted† difference (95% CI) | ||||
| Age (ref=35–44 years) | ||||||
| 45–64 years | −0.442 | (−1.469 to 0.584) | −0.396 | (−1.457 to 0.664) | −0.393 | (−1.454 to 0.667) |
| ≥ 65 years | −0.36 | (−1.749 to 1.030) | −0.485 | (−1.919 to 0.948) | −0.480 | (−1.913 to 0.954) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female (ref=men) | 0.0084 | (−0.733 to 0.750) | −0.143 | (−0.904 to 0.619) | −0.145 | (−0.906 to 0.616) |
| Education | ||||||
| Up to primary school | −0.397 | (−1.396 to 0.600) | −0.282 | (−1.302 to 0.738) | −0.284 | (−1.303 to 0.736) |
| Secondary school | −0.285 | (−1.182 to 0.611) | −0.097 | (−1.012 to 0.819) | −0.099 | (−1.015 to 0.816) |
| College graduate or above (ref) | ||||||
| Duration of diabetes (ref≤7 years) | ||||||
| ≥7 years | −0.727 | (−1.472 to 0.0188) | −0.737 | (−1.496 to 0.021) | −0.736 | (−1.495 to 0.023) |
| Comorbidities (ref=no) | ||||||
| Previous cardiovascular disease | −2.148** | (−3.624 to –0.672) | −1.931 | (−3.452 to –0.409) | −1.927 | (−3.448 to –0.405) |
| Previous peripheral vascular disease | −1.457 | (−3.068 to 0.155) | −1.504 | (−3.177 to 0.17) | −1.497 | (−3.171 to 0.176) |
| Previous retinopathy | −2.087** | (–3.391 to –0.783) | −3.302 | (−7.091 to 0.487) | −2.109 | (−3.448 to –0.771) |
| Previous neuropathy | −0.525 | (−1.310 to 0.260) | −2.303 | (−4.715 to 0.109) | −0.481 | (−1.287 to 0.325) |
| Current smoker (ref=no) | ||||||
| Yes | −1.224 | (−3.297 to 0.849) | −1.253 | (−3.355 to 0.848) | −1.249 | (−3.35 to 0.852) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <18.5 | ||||||
| 18.5–22.9 | −0.941 | (−4.478 to 2.596) | −0.591 | (−4.179 to 2.996) | na | |
| 23–24.9 | −0.631 | (−4.156 to 2.894) | −0.498 | (−4.072 to 3.075) | ||
| ≥25 | −0.337 | (−3.771 to 3.097) | −0.184 | (−3.663 to 3.296) | ||
| HbA1c at baseline (ref<9.0%) | ||||||
| ≥9% | −0.722 | (−1.499 to 0.055) | −0.716 | (−1.514 to 0.082) | −0.716 | (−1.515 to 0.082) |
| LDL at baseline (ref<130 mg/dL) | ||||||
| ≥130 mg/dL | −0.615 | (−1.354 to 0.124) | −0.639 | (−1.398 to 0.119) | −0.639 | (−1.398 to 0.119) |
| SBP at baseline (ref<140 mm Hg) | ||||||
| ≥140 mm Hg | 0.324 | (−0.471 to 1.120) | 0.266 | (−0.55 to 1.083) | 0.266 | (−0.55 to 1.082) |
| Waist circumference (ref, <80 cm (women), <90 cm (men) | ||||||
| ≥80 cm (women), ≥90 cm (men) | −0.301 | (−1.300 to 0.697) | na | −0.431 | (−1.455 to 0.593) | |
| Blood pressure lowering medication (ref=no) | ||||||
| Yes | 0.603 | (−0.160 to 1.366) | 0.684 | (−0.102 to 1.469) | 0.684 | (−0.102 to 1.469) |
| Statins (ref=no) | ||||||
| Yes | −0.815* | (−1.566 to –0.0636) | −0.877 | (−1.65 to –0.105) | −0.875 | (−1.648 to –0.103) |
| Hypoglycemic agents (ref=no) | ||||||
| Yes | −1.115 | (−2.802 to 0.573) | −1.332 | (−3.055 to 0.39) | −1.328 | (−3.051 to 0.394) |
| ACEi/ARB | ||||||
| Yes | 0.334 | (−0.488 to 1.157) | 0.251‡ | (−0.592 to 1.094) | 0.251§ | (−0.591 to 1.094) |
| Albumin creatinine ratio (ref<30 mg/g) | ||||||
| 30–299.9 mg/g | −0.457 | (−1.291 to 0.375) | −0.434 | (−1.273 to 0.405) | −0.439 | (−1.278 to 0.401) |
| ≥300 mg/g | −1.442 | (−3.298 to 0.413) | −1.390 | (−3.238 to 0.458) | −1.376 | (−3.225 to 0.472) |
*Adjusted for the treatment group and each of the other covariates listed in the model (excluding waist circumference).
†Adjusted for the treatment group and each of the other covariates listed in the model (excluding body mass index).
‡Adjusted for the treatment group and each of the other covariates listed in the model (excluding waist circumference and BP medication).
§Adjusted for the treatment group and each of the other covariates listed in the model (excluding body mass index and BP medication).
ACEi/ARB, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers; eGFR, Estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ref, reference; SBP, systolic blood pressure.