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Effect of exercise on the quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

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Abstract

Purpose

Diabetic patients tend to have a poor quality of life. A sedentary lifestyle is considered to be a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes and an independent predictor of poor quality of life. Exercise is a key treatment for people living with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the effect of exercise on the quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and three Chinese databases were searched for studies published until January 2016. The review included all clinical trials that evaluated the effect of exercise on quality of life compared with that of usual care for people with type 2 diabetes. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of all the included studies, by using the Downs and Black Quality Index (QI).

Results

Thirty studies met inclusion criteria, with 2785 participants. We divided the exercise into four modes: aerobic, resistance, a combination of aerobic and resistance and yoga. Aerobic exercise showed a significant effect between groups. Resistance and combined exercise showed mixed results. Yoga also showed good intervention effects on quality of life.

Conclusions

The effect of aerobic exercise on the quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes was safe and effective. Then, most of the studies on aerobic exercise were of good methodological quality. The effects of resistance exercise and combined exercise on the quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes were mixed, and the effect of yoga on quality of life still need more research.

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Abbreviations

VAS:

Visual Analogue Scale

CES-D:

Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale

EuroQoL:

European Quality of Life Questionnaire

SF-12:

12-item Short-Form Health Survey

SF-36:

36-item Short-Form Health Survey

WHOQol-BREF:

World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire

PCS:

Physical Component Summary

SWED-QUAL:

Swedish Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire

QOLOD:

Quality of Life, Obesity and Dietetics questionnaire

NQOL:

Neuropathy-specific Quality of Life instrument

ADS-L:

German version of the general depression scale CES-D, ADS-L (Allgemeine Depressionsskala)

DCCT:

Diabetes Control and Complication Trial

HbA1c :

Haemoglobin A1c

BMI:

Body mass index

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

NYHA:

New York Heart Association

RCT:

Randomized control trials

PCS:

Physical component score

MCS:

Mental component score

ES:

Effect size

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Work on this manuscript was supported by Youth Program of Health and Family Planning Commission of Jilin Province (2015Q022).

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    1. School of Nursing, Jilin University, No.965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

      Hong Cai, Guichen Li, Ping Zhang, Duo Xu & Li Chen

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    Hong Cai and Guichen Li have contributed equally to this work.

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    Cai, H., Li, G., Zhang, P. et al. Effect of exercise on the quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Qual Life Res 26, 515–530 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1481-5

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