Original reportEducation and change in cognitive function: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study☆
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2019, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :Education at higher levels has been shown to correlate with lower levels of cognitive decline and lower risk of dementia (Meng and D’Arcy, 2012). This protection is strongly supported in the literature on reserve, being found by several research teams (Albert et al., 1995; Butler et al., 1996; Chodosh et al., 2002; Christensen et al., 1997; Lyketsos et al., 1999; Farmer et al., 1995; Zahodne et al., 2014). The measurement of CR is controversial because of the vast array of evidence for a protective set of lifestyle factors as well as the theoretical nature of CR.
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2018, Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceThe positive cognitive impact of aerobic fitness is associated with peripheral inflammatory and brain-derived neurotrophic biomarkers in young adults
2017, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Therefore, we examined sustained attention and working memory tasks in light of these human studies on the association between the brain regions mediating these cognitive tasks and aerobic fitness. However, some of these studies have confounds that may account for the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive function; for instance, high cognitive abilities are more likely to be associated with higher years of education or higher intelligence scores in healthy populations [18]. The effect of aerobic fitness on cognitive function among young adults is also unclear, with few studies reporting equivocal results, perhaps due to different methodologies of fitness assessment, type of cognitive test, or sample size [5,19–21].
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The Epidemiologic Catchment Area program is a series of five epidemiologic research studies performed by independent research teams in collaboration with staff of the Division of Biometry and Epidemiology—reorganized in 1985 and in 1992 with components now in the Division of Epidemiology and Services Research—of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Rockville, MD. The NIMH Principal Collaborators are Darrel A. Regier, MD, MPH, Ben Z. Locke, MSPH, William W. Eaton (1978–1983), and Jack D. Burke, Jr., MD, MPH (1983–1991); the NIMH Project Officer was Carl A. Taube (1978–1985) and is now William Huber (starting in 1985). The Principal Investigators and co-investigators from the five sites are as follows: Yale University, New Haven, CT, UO1 MH 34224: Jerome K. Myers, PhD, Myrna M. Weissman, PhD, and Gary L. Tischler, MD; the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, UO1 MH 33870: Morton Kramer, ScD, Ernest Gruenberg, MD, and Sam Shaprio, MS; Washington University St. Louis, MO, UO1 MH 33883: Lee N. Robins, PhD, and John Helzer, MD; Duke University, Durham, NC, UO1 MH 35386: Linda George, PhD, and Dan Blazer, MD; and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, UO1 MH 35865: Marvin Karoo, MD, Richard L. Hough, PhD, Javier I. Escobar, MD, M. Audrey Burnam, PhD, and Diane M. Timbers, PhD.