Elsevier

Metabolism

Volume 46, Issue 8, August 1997, Pages 880-883
Metabolism

Decreased glucose effectiveness but not insulin resistance in glucose-tolerant offspring of Japanese non—insulin-dependent diabetic patients: A minimal-model analysis

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0495(97)90073-1Get rights and content

Abstract

The aim of the study was to estimate insulin sensitivity (SI), insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness (SG) in 10 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (eight men and two women) with a family history of non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM offspring). Ten glucose-tolerant subjects (eight men and two women) without a family history of NIDDM served as control subjects. All subjects were Japanese. They underwent a modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT): glucose (300 mg/kg body weight) was administered, and insulin (20 mU/kg over 5 minutes) was infused from 20 to 25 minutes after glucose. SI and SG were estimated by Bergman's minimal-model method. No significant difference was observed in body mass index (22.6 ± 1.5 v 21.5 ± 0.6 kg/m2) and fasting glucose (5.1 ± 0.1 v 5.2 ± 0.1 mol/L) and insulin (40.7 ± 6.3 v 42.6 ± 6.7 pmol/L). SI was not different between the two groups (0.83 ± 0.11 v 0.94 ± 0.15 × 10−1 · min−1 · pmol/L−1, P > .05). The acute insulin response to glucose (AIRgglucose) estimated by intravenous glucose tolerance testing was significantly lower in the offspring than in the normal controls (2,139 ± 265 v 3,438 ± 318 pmol/L · min, P < .05). The glucose disappearance rate (KG) and SG were significantly diminished in the offspring versus normal controls (KG, 1.50 ± 0.22 v 2.10 ± 0.15min−1, P < .05; SG, 0.016 v 0.003 ± 0.023 ± 0.002 min−1, P < .05). Thus, glucose-tolerant Japanese NIDDM offspring with normal insulin sensitivity are characterized by a reduced AIRglucose and diminished SG. This is the first report that glucose resistance but not insulin resistance already exists in glucose-tolerant Japanese NIDDM offspring.

References (29)

  • A Taniguchi et al.

    Glucose effectiveness in two subtypes within impaired glucose tolerance: A minimal model analysis

    Diabetes

    (1994)
  • GM Reaven et al.

    Relationship between glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin action in non-obese individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance

    Diabetologia

    (1989)
  • RA Defronzo

    The triumvirate: B-Cell, muscle, liven A collusion responsible for NIDDM

    Diabetes

    (1988)
  • RH Unger et al.

    Hyperglycemia as an inducer as well as a consequence of impaired islet cell function and insulin resistance: Implications for the management of diabetes

    Diabetologia

    (1985)
  • Cited by (27)

    • Pathogenic Mechanisms of Prediabetes in Obese vs. Very Obese African American Women: Implications for Diabetes Prevention

      2019, Journal of the National Medical Association
      Citation Excerpt :

      Sg serves as an additional compensatory mechanism for total body glucose disposal. In this regard, we10,12,17,20,21,24,28 and others11,14,22,23,27–32 have shown that Sg and/or GEZI are normal or higher in insulin resistant, nondiabetic AAs than white Americans. Surprisingly, in the present study, we found that, Sg/GEZI did not differ in OB vs VOB AA women with prediabetes.

    • Ethnic differences in glucose effectiveness and disposition index in overweight/obese African American and white women with prediabetes: A study of compensatory mechanisms

      2017, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
      Citation Excerpt :

      In this context, we have previously shown that Sg is decreased in AA and other black populations with IGT and type 2 diabetes [3,5,6,16–19]. In addition, Doi et al. [11] reported lower Sg rather than Si in adult offspring of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. However, we [3,6,16,20,21] and Ellis et al. [22] have shown that Sg is normal or greater in insulin resistant AA with normal glucose tolerance when compared to their WA counterparts.

    • Evidence for pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

      2008, Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
      Citation Excerpt :

      The acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) was calculated as the increment area under curve from basal of insulin values measured at 2 to 10 minutes and disposition index (DI; β-cell compensation index) as the product of SI and AIRg [21-23]. Glucose clearance (KG), a parameter of glucose tolerance, was calculated from the FSIGT as the slope of the least square regression line to the natural log of the glucose concentration vs time from 10 to 19 minutes after the glucose injection [5,24]. Plasma glucose levels were determined by glucose oxidase method.

    View all citing articles on Scopus
    View full text