Editorial
Dialogue on Diabetes and Depression: Dealing with the double burden of co-morbidity

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Conflict of interest

There are no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Acknowledgement

This editorial has been written with the support of the Dialogue on Diabetes and Depression. No funding has been received for the writing of this article.

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    Furthermore, unfavourable clinical outcomes in both conditions may be exacerbated by the other, which adds to existing challenges in clinical practice compared to treating either condition alone (Holt et al., 2014). Patients with T2DM who have comorbid depression experience higher rates of treatment nonadherence and increased psychiatric and diabetes related morbidity, suggesting that comorbid depression may be an important barrier to diabetes management (Holt and Katon, 2012; Ravona-Springer et al., 2017). These considerations call for a need to better understand factors associated with comorbid depression in people with T2DM.

  • The association of decreased serum GDNF level with hyperglycemia and depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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    Comorbid mental disorders often hinder the otherwise smooth integration of diabetes treatment into everyday life (6,7). As one of the most common mental disorders, depression frequently occurs in patients with diabetes, and depression and diabetes have a bidirectional relationship (8), which means that as their mutual risk factors increase, their individual risks increase as well, greatly increasing the burden on patients (9,10). Decreased glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was first discovered in 1993 (11), and it was originally identified as a member of the neurotrophic factor family because of its properties of promoting the survival and morphologic differentiation of dopaminergic neurons (12).

  • The antidepressant effect of melatonin and fluoxetine in diabetic rats is associated with a reduction of the oxidative stress in the prefrontal and hippocampal cortices

    2017, Brain Research Bulletin
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    Hyperglycemia itself is independently associated with depression (Holt et al., 2014) and better glycemic treatment decreases the risk of depression even postpartum depression (Beucher et al., 2010; Zanoveli et al., 2016). Yet, depressed patients are less likely to achieve normoglycemia because of decreased activities, which in itself will worsen the diabetes and reduces life expectancy (Fisher et al., 2010a, 2010b; Holt and Katon, 2012; Park et al., 2013). In fact, depression is itself an independent predictive factor for all causes of mortality (O’Connor et al., 2012).

  • Social relations, depressive symptoms, and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

    2017, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
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    Comorbid diabetes and depression is a major clinical challenge as the outcomes of either condition is worsened by the presence of the other. Quality of life is lower in these patients, the incidence of complications is higher, and life expectancy is reduced compared with patients who have either condition alone [6]. Hence, deeper understanding of the mechanisms linking the two conditions is important to develop effective strategies for their prevention and management.

  • Effects of additional exercise training on epicardial, intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue in major depressive disorder: A randomized pilot study

    2016, Journal of Affective Disorders
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    The association between depression and cardio-metabolic disorders, in particular type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ischemic heart disease is well documented, and several studies point to a bidirectional relationship (Anderson et al., 2001; Golden et al., 2008; Goldston and Baillie, 2008; Knol et al., 2006; Lett et al., 2004; Mezuk et al., 2008; Nouwen et al., 2010; Prince et al., 2007; Rugulies, 2002). The combination of depression with cardio-metabolic disorders remains a clinical challenge as the outcome of either condition is worsened by the presence of the other, leading to reduced quality of life, higher incidence of complications, and increased health care costs (Charlson et al., 2013; Egede et al., 2002; Holt and Katon, 2012; Rosengren et al., 2004). Visceral obesity has been reported as a risk factor for the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disorders as early as 1956 (Vague, 1956).

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