Clinical InvestigationDiabetes and MetabolismFasting glucose levels within the high normal range predict cardiovascular outcome
Section snippets
The CARMA study
The CARMA study was designed to investigate cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy male and female adults of white ethnicity. The study has been conducted at the Executive Screening Survey (ESS) at the Sheba Medical Center in Israel. The ESS performs approximately 9,000 screening examinations of adult males and females annually. This population is composed mainly of senior executives referred for periodic health screening by their organizations and so represents a higher-than-average
Results
Data from 10,913 apparently healthy men and woman (mean age 50.4 years, range 34-91), 9,687 with FPG levels of < 100 mg/dL at baseline and 1,226 with IFG values (100-125 mg/dL), were analyzed. Participants were categorized based on glucose levels to 5 groups (50-79, 80-84, 85-89, 90-94, and 95-99 mg/dL). In addition, we have also analyzed the IFG group (100-125 mg/dL). Age, male gender, systolic blood pressure, family history of CVD, TG, and LDL cholesterol levels were more likely to increase
Discussion
In this study, 10,913 men and women without DM or apparent CVD were followed up for a mean of 4.3 years. The risk for coronary disease has linearly increased across FPG levels, already within the normoglycemic range (≤ 100 mg/dL). This increased risk was independent of other traditional risk factors for CVD and was not mediated by the higher risk of DM incidence. Cerebrovascular disease did not follow this pattern, and an increased risk was observed only among participants with IFG. Although the
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Ms Ilana Gelernter from the Department of Statistics and Operations Research, in the School of Mathematical Sciences, at Tel Aviv University, Israel, for statistical analysis and Ms Yael Mintz from the Institute for Preventive Medicine of Sheba Medical Center, Israel, for her administrative and technical support. The study was funded by a grant from the Shlavi foundation for medical research. The authors are solely responsible for the design and conduct of this study, all
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