Links Between Osteoarthritis and Diabetes: Implications for Management from a Physical Activity Perspective

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Key points

  • Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more susceptible to developing osteoarthritis (OA), partially because these conditions share etiologic factors, including aging and obesity.

  • Aging- and obesity-related physical and physiologic impairments contribute to the development of OA (eg, muscle weakness/atrophy, poor balance, deconditioning, pain, excess joint loads, abnormal lipid metabolism, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress).

  • Hyperglycemia may also directly injure

Age and Obesity

Demographic and physiologic risk factors for OA and T2DM are listed in Table 1. It is not surprising that OA and T2DM coexist; they share several common risk factors, with age being a recognized link. The increased risk for OA and T2DM with aging is multifactorial. One factor is the decline in cell function with aging. For example, aging is associated with T2DM in part because pancreatic β-cell function declines with aging.9 Aging also causes OA. In OA, senescent chondrocytes are more likely

Does Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Independently Contribute to Osteoarthritis?

Because OA and T2DM share common risk factors, the independent contribution of T2DM on OA is difficult to study. Several studies have tried to answer the question of whether T2DM predicts OA independently of age and obesity. Earlier studies failed to report significant associations.6, 50, 51 However, these studies had methodological limitations, such as (1) the selection of fairly subjective criteria for the diagnosis of OA,50 (2) having subjects with knee OA grouped by diabetes status but

Management of older individuals with osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physical activity perspective

Approximately one half of all adults with diabetes have arthritis and more than one quarter of these individuals report limitation in usual activities owing to joint symptoms.3 The functional limitations observed in older individuals with both OA and T2DM are multifactorial and involve age and obesity-related factors such as pain, muscle dysfunction (weakness, atrophy, and low quality of muscle), joint misalignment, deconditioning, poor balance and mobility, and inactivity. These limitations

Summary

Emerging evidence supports that people with T2DM are more susceptible to develop arthritis. OA and T2DM in aging are linked by age and obesity factors, such as cumulative joint loads, systemic inflammation, and abnormal lipid metabolism. Hyperglycemia may also directly impact OA. In this review, we have discussed the common links between OA and T2DM in older adults along with the metabolic and physical impairments commonly present in this population. We emphasized the role of physical activity

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