Exercise in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes
Section snippets
MetS, Weight, and ET
The MetS is typically defined as a clustering of abnormal levels of lipids (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides), glucose, blood pressure, and excess abdominal obesity. Given that abdominal obesity is a component of the definition of MetS, it makes sense that excess weight is a strong risk factor for its development. In the cross-sectional studies that examined the prevalence of metabolic equivalents (METs) across levels of physical activity (PA; Fig. 1A), all found an
Diabetes, ET, and weight loss
There are very strong epidemiologic data demonstrating that both regular ET and maintaining a healthy weight greatly reduce the risk of developing T2DM.24, 25, 26 Furthermore, within individuals with T2DM, maintaining higher levels of fitness is associated with reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).27, 28 As demonstrated in Fig. 3, although there is a strong inverse trend for risk of CVD mortality across levels of fitness; in the lower levels of fitness, each 1-MET increment
Exercise prescription for general health and weight loss
As stated in the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines, regular ET has meaningful health benefits for individuals of any weight.34 These guidelines suggest that individuals should strive to achieve at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity PA combined with at least 2 days per week of RT activity. However, for those that prefer to participate in vigorous-intensity PA, the minimal weekly goal is only 75 minutes or more per week.
There is sufficient evidence to conclude that ET interventions,
Summary
Regular ET has meaningful health benefits for individuals of any weight. For the purpose of general health, ET programs should have both aerobic ET and RT components. The 2008 federal PA guidelines suggest that individuals should strive to achieve at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity PA, or for those that prefer to participate in vigorous-intensity PA, the minimal weekly goal is only 75 minutes or more per week. All individuals should also strive for at least 2 days per week of
Statement of Conflict of Interest
The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
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Statement of Conflict of Interest: see page 417.