Basic–Alimentary TractHost-dependent zonulin secretion causes the impairment of the small intestine barrier function after bacterial exposure*,**
Section snippets
Bacterial strains
To investigate the interactions between microorganisms and the intestinal mucosa, we chose 4 bacterial strains: (1) Escherichia coli strain 6-1, a prototype of the normal intestinal bacterial flora isolated from the stool of a healthy premature infant and probe-negative for established E. coli virulence factors13; (2) DH5α, a laboratory E. coli K-12 strain produced by genetic engineering as a prototype of innocuous bacteria14; (3) a virulent Salmonella typhimurium strain SO1344, as a prototype
Effect of enteric bacteria on rabbit intestine mounted in the micro-snapwell system
Luminal exposure of rabbit jejunum (data not shown) and ileum (Figure 1A) to both S. typhimurium and pathogenic E. coli 21-1 induced a significant TEER decrease after 3 hours of incubation as compared with the noninfected negative control tissues (P = 0.013).
Discussion
Studies on the interaction between enteric bacteria and the intestinal host have mainly focused on the bacteria's pathogenic mechanisms.26 In this study, we provided evidence that the small intestine may play an active, primary role in this enteric bacteria–host interaction by responding to the presence of microorganisms with the luminal secretion of zonulin. Our results showed that mammalian small intestines react to the exposure to either pathogenic or nonpathogenic enteric bacteria by
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Address requests for reprints to: Alessio Fasano, M.D., Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF Building, Room 465, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. e-mail: [email protected]; fax: (410) 328-1072.
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This article was partially supported by National Institutes of Health grant DK-48373 (to A.F.) and by a grant of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology (to R.E.A.).