"Mild dysglycemia" in type 2 diabetes: to be neglected or not?

J Diabetes Complications. 2015 Apr;29(3):451-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.12.004. Epub 2014 Dec 12.

Abstract

"Mild dysglycemia" in type 2 diabetes can be defined by the range of HbA1c levels≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) and<7% (53 mmol/mol), which corresponds to when the risk for vascular complications begins to increase. This "mild dysglycemia" is characterized by both a dawn phenomenon (a spontaneous blood glucose rise in the early morning) and an excess of post-prandial glucose excursions in the absence of abnormal elevation in basal glucose, especially during nocturnal periods. This represents an intermediary stage between pre-diabetes (HbA1c≥5.7%, 39 mmol/mol, and<6.5%, 48 mmol/mol) and those who begin to show a steadily progressive worsening in basal glucose (HbA1c≥7%, 53 mmol/mol). Should this relatively minor intermediate dysglycemic phase deserve more attention, that is the question. The now available incretin-based therapies, and more specifically the DPP-4 inhibitors provide the clinician with the possibility to reduce or eradicate both the dawn phenomenon and post-meal glucose excursions with minimal side effects. The availability of 24-h glycemic profiles in those with "mild dysglycemia" will help to describe their individual glycemic phenotype, based on which the early and appropriate life style changes and/or pharmacological interventions can be introduced.

Keywords: DPP-4 inhibitors; Dawn phenomenon; Mild dysglycemia; Post-prandial glucose; Type 2 diabetes.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Blood Glucose / metabolism*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / epidemiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / therapy*
  • Diabetic Angiopathies / blood
  • Diabetic Angiopathies / epidemiology
  • Disease Progression
  • Glycated Hemoglobin / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia / complications
  • Hyperglycemia / drug therapy
  • Hyperglycemia / epidemiology
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Postprandial Period
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Glycated Hemoglobin A
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • hemoglobin A1c protein, human