The exon copy number variant in the haptoglobin gene is associated with cardiovascular
and kidney disease. For stroke, previous research is inconclusive. We aimed to study the …

Introduction Cerebral small-vessel disease is common in neurologically asymptomatic
individuals with type 1 diabetes. The retinal vasculature is thought to mirror the brain's …

Methods. This substudy of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study aims to assess early
markers of cerebrovascular disease in people with type 1 diabetes, and has previously been …

Introduction Diabetic neuropathy and diabetic eye disease are well known complications of
type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that chronic hyperglycemia also damages the optic tract …

As the retina is suggested to mirror the brain, we hypothesized that diabetic retinopathy and
macular edema are indicative of stroke risk in type 1 diabetes and sought to assess this …

Background Individuals with type 1 diabetes have a markedly increased risk of stroke. In the
general population, genetic predisposition has been linked to increased risk of stroke, but …