OBJECTIVE We evaluated the structural-functional relationships and the prognostic factors
for renal events, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic patients …

Gut microbiota–derived metabolites play important roles in health and disease. D–amino
acids and their L-forms are metabolites of gut microbiota with distinct functions. In this study …

Background In recent years, many studies have focused on the intestinal environment to
elucidate pathogenesis of various diseases, including kidney diseases. Impairment of the …

Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a serious complication in various clinical settings, but the
mechanisms driving it remain to be fully determined. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) …

Recent studies have revealed the connection between amino acid chirality and diseases.
We have previously reported that the gut microbiota produces various d-amino acids in a …

Background Annual decline in kidney function is a widely applied surrogate outcome of
renal failure. It is important to understand the relationships between known risk factors and …

Carnitine/organic cation transporter 1 (OCTN1) is a specific transporter of the food-derived
antioxidant ergothioneine. Ergothioneine is absorbed by intestinal OCTN1, distributed …

The number of patients on hemodialysis is increasing globally; diabetes mellitus (DM)
complications is the major cause of hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease …

The accumulation of fibroblasts is a critical step in the development of fibrosis, and
lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes fibrosis by regulating multiple fibroblast functions …

Introduction The speed of declining kidney function differs among patients with diabetic
nephropathy. This study was undertaken to clarify clinical and pathological features that …